Flexible, Non-Invasive, and Wearable Fish Heart Rate Monitoring Tag for Guiding Aquaculture in Marine Ranching

The welfare of farmed fish has emerged as a significant concern. Behavioral and physiological stress responses in fish are widely recognized indicators of compromised welfare. Heart rate and heart rate variability in response to various stimuli have been utilized to gauge stress levels. Implanted heart rate tags can cause non-circadian heart rates post-surgery, impacting the normal activities of farmed fish and potentially leading to abnormal mortality. In response, we proposed a flexible wearable fish heart rate monitoring tag for marine ranched farmed fish. This system is lightweight, harmless, and biocompatible, allowing seamless integration with the fish body without impeding natural movement or behavior, thereby providing precise guidance for scientific aquaculture in marine ranching.