A Survey on Security of Automatic Dependent Surveillance -Broadcast (ADS-B) Protocol: Challenges, Potential Solutions and Future Directions

This work delves into critical examination of the broadcast data safety of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) system, an essential protocol for aircraft identification and navigation. Globally mandated by civil aviation regulatory bodies, ADS-B plays a pivotal role in shaping the future of Air Traffic Management initiatives. This study thoroughly investigates the vulnerabilities inherent in the open and un-encrypted nature of ADS-B data transmission. Given the widespread availability of Software-Defined Radios (SDRs), these security threats pose significant risks to Air Traffic Services and passenger safety. In light of these challenges, the paper scrutinises existing research and industry documents to comprehensively understand ADS-B vulnerabilities and assess threat levels and potential attacks. We also review recent developments and analyze proposed countermeasures aimed at enhancing the security of ADS-B data, possibly through protocol modifications or infrastructure enhancements.