Physics-Driven Deep Learning Reconstruction of Frequency-Modulated Rabi-Encoded Echoes for Faster Accessible MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful imaging modality with exceptional soft tissue contrast capabilities, but it is estimated to only serve 10% of the world’s population reliably. This lack of access is largely due to the multi-million cost of initial investment, as well as recurring expenses. Radiofrequency (RF) imaging methods present an opportunity to reduce MRI costs by replacing expensive B0 gradients with less expensive RF ${\text{B}}_1^ +$ field gradients for spatial encoding. Frequency-modulated Rabi encoded echoes (FREE) is one such technique that has demonstrated robust phase-encoded imaging capabilities over large inhomogeneities. However, conventional reconstruction of such acquisitions lead to distortions due to nonlinear phase accrual, and imaging speed is slow when ${\text{B}}_1^ +$ phase encoding is employed in two spatial dimensions. In this work, we propose a physics-driven deep learning (PD-DL) reconstruction approach to resolve distortion artifacts of FREE acquisitions, while enabling higher acceleration rates. We map out the forward operator for FREE encoding, and devise an unrolled network that utilizes this operator. Results on sequential gradient superposition (SGS) FREE sequence indicates feasibility of up to 4-fold acceleration with a single receive-coil.