CW Test Concepts for Hemp Hardness Validation: Overview and Test Results for an Unhardened Telephone Switching Facility

This paper discusses the use of continuous wave (CW) test techniques for determining the response of large ground-based systems to a high altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse (HEMP). The general test concept is discussed, the necessary measurement equipment are reviewed, and the issues of data processing and extrapolation to the threat environment are formulated. As an example of the use of such a measurement technique, results from a CW test program conducted at the Ekholmens telephone switching station, in Linkoping, Sweden, are reviewed. These results suggest that the direct illumination of cables inside the facility play an important role in determining the overall response in an unhardened system.