A Review of Food Supply Chain Tracking Using Blockchain Technology: Enabled Factors and Barriers

The food supply chain (FSC) deals with issues like reliability, security, and traceability due to information contradiction. While blockchain technology (BCT) shows promise in improving FSC operations, its adoption in this sector remains early. This study systematically reviews BCT's applications in FSC tracking, focusing on its layers, types, platforms, and features. Through a methodical literature review spanning 2019 to 2023, 50 relevant articles were examined to identify barriers to BCT adoption, such as scalability and costs, and enabling factors like data integrity and decentralization. The review aims to identify gaps in the present research, setting the basis for offering a structured classification for blockchain-based FSC tracking and developing a conceptual framework for future BCT adoption in FSC. This framework aims to present strategic guidance for applying blockchain technology in FSC tracking applications, enhancing operational efficiency and transparency in the food supply chain sector. The finding of this study could help the government sector focus on building mechanisms to encourage the agriculture sector to invest in supply chain tracking.