Challenges and Opportunities in Healthcare and Industrial IoT: A Comparative Analysis

The Internet of Things (IoT) has changed many industries by enabling smart devices to transmit data, operate autonomously, and interact in real-time. Among its most prominent applications are in healthcare and industrial sectors, where IoT is classified into two classes: massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC) and Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC). While mMTC devices prioritize low energy consumption and can handle large-scale deployments with minimal data rates, URLLC devices are focused on mission-critical applications requiring ultra-low latency and high reliability. This paper examines the challenges and opportunities of IoT implementation in healthcare and industrial sectors, focusing on interoperability, data security, and scalability issues. The objective is to provide actionable solutions for the effective integration of IoT technologies. The investigation shows that in healthcare, mMTC is utilized for non-critical monitoring, while URLLC supports critical tasks like remote surgery. In industrial settings, mMTC improves processes like supply chain management, while URLLC enables automation and real-time control of machinery. Despite these opportunities, challenges such as data privacy, security, interoperability, and reliability remain. Addressing these issues is crucial for unlocking the full potential of IoT in healthcare and industrial sectors.