Design and Global Sensitivity Analysis of a Power-to-Hydrogen-to-Power-Based Multi-Energy Microgrid Under Uncertainty

The integration of hydrogen and renewable technologies is increasingly recognized as essential for developing reliable and economically viable energy systems in modern cities. This paper presents an integrated model for the design optimization and global sensitivity analysis (GSA) of a power-to-hydrogen-to-power (P2H2P)-based multi-energy microgrid (MEμG) considering generation and demand uncertainties. The proposed system is designed to fulfill the electricity, heating, and electric vehicle charging requirements of a hypothetical complex residential building. It incorporates photovoltaic, wind turbine, battery storage, fuel cell, electrolyzer, hydrogen storage, and a gas boiler. The P2H2P-MEμG model was developed, simulated, and optimized with the dual objectives of minimizing the system's lifecycle cost and maximizing the share of renewable energy while considering various operational constraints. The obtained results enable optimal capacity sizing and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the beneficial impacts of the P2H2P system on the operational, economic, and environmental performance of the MEμG, compared with alternative energy system configurations. Also, the GSA shows that the technology cost, load growth, and project lifetime have a substantial influence on investment decisions and system costs.