Research on Optimized Scheduling of Hybrid Energy Storage for VPP Based on Wind-Solar Complementary Power Generation Systems

With the rapid growth of new energy capacity under the “dual carbon” policy, power systems require greater flexibility. Efficient storage technologies like pumped hydro and compressed air energy storage are crucial but insufficient alone. A Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) is needed to fully meet demand. This paper proposes a multi-objective Virtual Power Plant (VPP) dispatching scheme based on Battery Energy Storage (ES), Pumped Storage (PS) and Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES). A VPP scheduling model is developed, considering the complementarity of various distributed energy sources, Time-Of-Use (TOU) pricing, and Tiered Carbon Trading Prices (TCTP). Using the K-means clustering algorithm, typical annual wind and solar power output scenarios are identified and optimized using the IVYA algorithm. Results indicate that the ES-PS HESS delivers the best performance. Compared with using PS alone, the VPP operating costs decrease by 32.08%, carbon emissions are reduced by 1556.21 Kg, interaction costs with the grid turn from a cost of 2017.36 ¥ to a profit of 2096.55 ¥, and carbon trading costs decrease by 20.83%. Compared with a single energy storage system, the HESS demonstrates higher regulation capability and operational economy, providing strong support for the low-carbon economic operation of new power systems.