Enhancing Array Antenna Radiation Patterns Using Hadamard Difference Sets and Windowing Functions

The performance of array antennas is critical in modern communication systems, particularly in applications that demand accurate beamforming and minimal side lobe interference. This paper investigates the enhancement of array antenna radiation patterns through the integration of Hadamard difference sets with windowing functions, specifically Blackman and Hamming tapering techniques. The Hadamard difference set, known for its optimal autocorrelation properties, enhances uniformity and minimizes interference. At the same time, Blackman and Hamming tapering functions are utilized on the excitation amplitudes to further reduce side lobes and sharpen the main lobe characteristics. Through detailed simulations and analysis, this study shows that integrating Hadamard difference sets with strategically chosen tapering functions greatly improves the radiation pattern by reducing side lobe levels and narrowing beamwidths. The results suggest that these techniques provide an effective method for optimizing array antennas, making them ideal for applications in satellite communication where precision and efficiency are crucial.