Overview of Cryogenic CMOS Based Computing Systems

As integrated circuits advance into the post-Moore era, the improvement of computing performance encounters several challenges, making it difficult to meet the ever-growing computing demands. Cryogenic complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based computing systems have emerged as a promising solution for overcoming the existing computing performance bottleneck. By cooling the circuitry to cryogenic temperatures, device leakage and wire resistance can be significantly reduced, leading to further improvements in energy efficiency and performance. Here, we conduct a comprehensive review of the cryogenic CMOS based computing systems across multiple optimization layers, including the CMOS process, modeling, electronic design automation (EDA), circuits, and architecture. Moreover, this review identifies potential future works and applications.