FactoredSweeper: Optical See-Through Display Integrating Light Attenuation and Addition with Single Spatial Light Modulator

Light Attenuation Displays (LADs), a subset of Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Displays (OST-HMDs), enable image display in bright environments by filtering incident light at the pixel level. Although recent methods have proposed single-DMD light attenuation, they do not consider additive color display and background compensation, limiting their applicability in real-world scenarios. We present FactoredSweeper, a single digital micromirror device (DMD) system that incorporates both light attenuation and addition. By synchronizing the DMD, color filter, and light source, our system generates an additive virtual image, light attenuation, and occlusion through time multiplexing. To produce the target image while compensating for the background, we optimize time-multiplexed binary DMD patterns and LED/color filter schedules using perceptually-driven non-negative matrix factorization. Simulations and prototypes demonstrate that our integrated attenuation-addition single-SLM system achieves superior dynamic range and perceptual image quality compared to conventional occlusion-capable OST-HMDs using grayscale occlusion masks.