Design of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Solar Integration, case of Chad

This paper briefly presents some of the available forms of energy storage, which are classified into mechanical, chemical, electrical and thermal energy, respectively. This is to explain the importance of combining complementary forms of energy for the creation of a hybrid energy storage system for a renewable energy source. This study therefore aims to mitigate the variability of the energy produced by the solar system that disrupts the grid by using a hybridization of Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS), Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), and Hydrogen Storage. The connection of this hybrid energy storage system to the solar system and the economic feasibility are done using HOMER Pro. This method enabled large-scale solar system penetration while maximizing production and minimizing costs. The advantage of combining PHS, CAES, and Hydrogen storage over PHS and CAES is also given by way of comparative analysis of the combined PHS, CAES, and Hydrogen storage over only PHS and CAES which gave us 90.9% of renewable energy penetration, 96.1% of return on investment and 100% internal rate of return.