Enhancing Grid Reliability in the Baltic Region: Integrating Renewable Energy and ENTSO-E Synchronization

The integration of renewable energy sources within the Baltic energy system, which includes Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia, presents both challenges and opportunities. As the Baltic countries strive to increase the share of renewable energy to 42.5% by 2030, driven by the EU’s “Fit for 55” package, they must address the inherent variability of renewable sources like wind and solar, which can complicate grid reliability.Efforts to synchronize the Baltic energy system with the ENTSO-E (European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity) further emphasize the need for a resilient grid. A simplified model of the Baltic energy system is used to explore four scenarios-Optimistic, Realistic+, Realistic-, and Pessimistic-focusing on electrical connections in base load, export, and import modes. The analysis highlights the critical role of BESS systems (Battery Energy Storage Systems) in stabilizing the grid and managing power deficits. Despite ongoing development of interregional transmission lines and BESS installations, enhancing energy storage and diversifying energy sources remain crucial for ensuring a stable and sustainable energy future.Strategic investments in alternative energy sources, such as small hydropower or nuclear energy, alongside advanced storage solutions, are essential to support the region’s ambitious renewable energy goals. By boosting energy system resilience and reducing dependence on variable renewable sources, the Baltic region can secure a reliable and environmentally friendly energy supply, significantly contributing to global efforts to combat climate change.