Research on Intelligent Constellation Map Monitoring for Fiber Optic Communication Based on Small Sample Learning Network

In this study, we develop an intelligent constellation diagram monitoring method for fiber optic communications based on a small sample learning network. The method is designed to identify the modulation format, estimate the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), and predict the fiber transmission distance by analyzing a small amount of constellation diagram data. The model was trained using the C-way-K-shot strategy with the Adam optimization algorithm, with a learning rate of 0.001. In terms of modulation format identification, the model was tested under different OSNR conditions, and the results showed that under low, medium, and high OSNR conditions, the 5-way-3-shot task models achieved average accuracies over 10 iterations of 95.73%, 98.35%, and 97.86%, respectively. In contrast, for the 5-way-5-shot task, the accuracies increased to 98.38%, 99.23%, and 98.74%, respectively. This indicates that, even under low OSNR conditions, the small-sample learning network can achieve a high modulation format recognition rate, demonstrating the model’s fast adaptability and high accuracy.Meanwhile, the OSNR estimation in low-order modulation formats achieves a 100% recognition rate, and for high-order modulation formats, the estimation also performs well. The small-sample learning network demonstrates good performance even with a limited data sample size. The recognition rate of transmission distance estimation for low-order modulation formats, such as BPSK and QPSK, performs well under low, medium, and high OSNR conditions. However, performance in recognizing higher-order modulation formats, such as 64QAM, is poor, highlighting both the adaptability and limitations of the model when dealing with different modulation formats. This study demonstrates the potential of small-sample learning networks for intelligent constellation diagram monitoring in fiber optic communications, especially in terms of their high accuracy and robustness in modulation format identification, OSNR estimation, and fiber link transmission distance prediction. The method effectively utilizes a small sample size to achieve fast and accurate monitoring, thus providing effective technical support for the intelligent management and maintenance of fiber optic communication systems.