Solar-Powered, Internet-of-Things-based Smart Greenhouse with Adaptive Environment Control for Sustainable Agriculture Nursery

Conventional greenhouse designs, despite extending crop growth cycles, often lack adaptation to plant growth conditions due to limited control over crucial parameters. Implementing a smart greenhouse using the Internet of Things (IoT) is an advanced method for growing plants in an enclosed environment. A previous study implemented a solar-powered, IoT-based greenhouse but did not include key control parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and solar panel monitoring in a single system. In this work, we expand on the solar-powered, IoT-based automated greenhouse by including real-time monitoring of temperature, humidity, light intensity, soil moisture, and the solar panel system in one integrated setup. We emulated the ideal growth environment for Solanum lycopersicum (cherry tomato) and Capsicum annuum L. (ornamental pepper). The smart greenhouse facilitates timely adjustments to meet specific plant needs. Using photovoltaic panels as a primary power source provides a sustainable, independent energy source for smart greenhouse applications, potentially addressing food security, beainningon a household scale.