Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Validation for DER Protection Model Executed in Dominion Energy Training Program

As the penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) increases within the distribution system, having a training program that addresses this evolution is crucial. Although basic system protection theory can be explained in a classroom environment and by using computer simulation, it is difficult to evaluate a relay's actual performance and possible misoperation in the field just through computer simulation. Dominion Energy's Training Center addresses this issue by using a real-time simulator to conduct hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations for their training classes. This paper focuses on a training simulation Dominion Energy is developing, where a substation model interconnects with two photovoltaic (PV) sites on the distribution level. A HIL testbed is integrated with an Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP), Power Amplifiers, two protective relays, a transfer trip relay, and switchyard equipment. This model creates a realistic training environment for the instructor, while avoiding the hazards of the transmission and distribution of primary-level voltage.