The Economic Potential of the Vehicle to the Grid

These innovations, along with the natural needs of electrical power generation has brought to a new reality possible - the physical re-displacement of electricity and its bilateral direction of usage - from power grid to user - and from user to power grid. Specifically in the vehicle industry, the Vehicle-to-Grid technology represents a final bonding mechanism between conventional power grid availability and motorized energy transfer: taken when needed, returned when required. The V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid), as the technology is abbreviated - opens for the first time the doors for a new player in the conventional power grid management systems - the energy user itself. Having in hand large power storage units as the electrical vehicles, every household is capable, at nation-wide spread level, to leverage between demand and availability by reversing the consumption direction. As part of the European policy for promotion of environmentally friendly societies, Bulgaria is not an exclusion in the market of electrical driven vehicles. The country however currently experiences a still restricted electrical vehicle usage - mostly due to the underdeveloped charging network - which restricts the usage mainly to larger cities and confined urban areas where shorter routes apply. This study therefore takes into account the inevitable future development of the Electrical Vehicle charging grid, with an overlook on the possibility of a next generation technology introduction, permitting adequate implementation of network augmentation and power grid capacity maximization. We are hereby modelling different scenarios, among which V2G without controlled charging/discharging timings, time-controlled V2G scenarios and opportunistic power grid developments, making usage of both industry controlled and uncontrolled private users G2V (Grid-to-Vehicle) and V2G.