Effects of Encapsulation Combinations on the Performance and Reliability of TOPCon Modules

This work reports on the performance stability of TOPCon module manufactured with differing combination of front-side and rear side encapsulation. Combinations of EPE, EVA, and POE are tested through damp heat and humidity freeze sequences. It was found that modules that use POE on the front side of the cells significantly outperform samples that utilize an EPE. The main driver for degradation was identified as metal contact corrosion that results in increased series resistance and a drop in FF. Humidity Freeze testing was also identified as potential alternative to the longer DH testing with similar performance rankings and EL signatures observed between the two test sequences.