A Novel Method for Evaluating 5G Handset Array Antenna Exposure Applied to Irregular Human Body Models

This paper presents a novel method for assessing spatially averaged absorbed power density (sAPD) in irregular human body parts that are exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) at millimeter wave (MMW) bands. To ensure high precision in sAPD assessment, different surface area weights are assigned to surface voxel blocks based on a defined step size to determine the integral area. In addition, four average methods from two integration shapes of the exposed body surface are discussed to assess the errors caused by splitting the voxel blocks. A realistic ear model and 5G handset antenna arrays at 28 GHz, are used for dosimetry analysis. We simulate a real call scenario and discuss the effects of different exposure positions, integration shapes, and antenna rotation angles on the calculation results, and analyze the weights of these potential influence factors. The results demonstrate that in irregular body models, such as the ear, the distribution of EMF energy absorption by human skin is more dispersed and complex. Compared to other factors, the selection of exposure position for APD averaging has a greater impact on the sAPD. The proposed algorithm is beneficial for future compliance tests of 5G MMW handset devices for various body parts.