Robust Precoding for Massive MIMO LEO Satellite Integrated Communication and Localization Systems

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks combined with massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) are expected to support ubiquitous integrated communication and localization (ICAL) with enhanced gains. Ensuring robust localization performance with prior angle uncertainty for the target is essential for ICAL systems. In this letter, we present a robust precoding framework to tackle this issue. We first derive the energy efficiency for communication and the worst-case Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) for localization. Subsequently, we develop a multi-objective framework aimed at simultaneously operating communication and localization for massive MIMO LEO satellite systems. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed scheme can attain satisfactory target angle estimation performance with prior angle uncertainty while guaranteeing the performance of communication.