Redefining the Concept of Literacy: a DigCompEdu extension for Critical Engagement with AI tools

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming our world, and education is no exception. The growing popularity and use of AI systems calls for a new understanding of what it means to be literate in the modern world. Thus, it is crucial for individuals to develop AI-driven critical thinking skills to effectively interact with these technologies. However, existing research focuses mainly on the "how" of AI integration, with limited exploration of the "why" and "how" of fostering critical engagement with AI tools. In this article, we propose an extension to DigCompEdu that aligns with the UNESCO pillars of education. This extension highlights five key elements that challenge critical thinking capabilities in relation to AI: "know-what," "know-who," "know-where," "know-how," and "know-why". By combining critical thinking skills with AI functionalities, educators can empower students to become responsible and informed digital citizens in the era of generative AI.