Two-Dimensional Direction-of-Arrival Estimation With a SODA-Based 3D Array

In this work, we evaluate the efficiency of different one-dimensional and two-dimensional multiple signal classification (MUSIC) scenarios in direction-finding (DF) for the azimuth and the elevation angles through the Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, a new second order differential array (SODA) based on two L-shaped array (TLSA) geometry is proposed to enhance the accuracy of the DF algorithm in the presence of mutual coupling effects. Moreover, we studied the effect of the elevation estimation error on the azimuth DF accuracy. For this purpose, the root mean square error values of the azimuth and elevation angles with different arrangements of a SODA-based nine elements TLSA geometry are calculated. It shows that DF-based on the proposed sparse TLSA has a better performance than uniform TLSA in accuracy and complexity. The simulations show that establishing a one-dimensional MUSIC DF algorithm for two independent linear arrays of monopole antennas can estimate the azimuth and the elevation angles precisely with acceptable time consumption due to one-dimensional peak search of the Pseudo-spectrum function.