Exploring the Synergy of Simulation and Hardware in Project-Based Learning

Project-based learning (PBL) has emerged as a transformative pedagogical approach that promotes deep learning, constructivist principles, and student engagement by immersing learners in authentic, real-world challenges. However, existing PBL methods often face difficulties in providing genuinely realistic experiences and access to the necessary resources. The present study explores the integration of simulation tools and hardware platforms within a PBL environment focused on mobile robotics, with the aim of addressing these challenges and enhancing the overall learning experience. Specifically, we investigated the synergistic combination of MATLAB®/Simulink® simulations and the Zumo mobile robot hardware in a first-year general engineering course. Through a blended learning approach that combined online materials with in-class activities, students programmed and simulated robot behavior virtually, performed hardware-in-the-loop validation, and participated in a line-following robot competition as a competition-driven assessment. To evaluate the effectiveness of this teaching format, quantitative and qualitative data were collected through surveys, observations, project assessments, competition performance, and interviews. The results demonstrate significant improvements in student learning outcomes, including knowledge acquisition, critical thinking and problem-solving abilities, and the practical application of theoretical concepts.