A Bi-Objective Bi-Level Programming for Connected Bus Lane Reservation

Buses are recognized as a highly efficient mode of transportation, and therefore the reservation of lanes for them is considered to increase the attractiveness of the public transportation system. However, the routes of social vehicles often change due to the choice of dedicated lanes, which leads to dynamic changes in the state of the road network. Therefore, the main focus of this study is on the reservation of dedicated lanes for bus considering user equilibrium. Under the strict control of cost budget, the objective of this paper is to maximize network connectivity and minimize the negative impact on normal traffic due to the reduction of available lanes for social vehicles. We initially introduce a novel bi-objective bi-level programming model. Then, an NSGA-II algorithm is proposed to solve it. The effectiveness of the proposed model and method is verified by conducting a case study.