Investigating Striking Efficiency in Morphogenetic Metasurface Antennas with Low Modulation

Modulated metasurface antennas have garnered significant attention, leveraging impedance modulation to facilitate efficient radiation by transforming surface waves into leaky waves. This paper presents an application of the morphogenetic synthesis approach to design a metasurface antenna operating in the microwave range with low modulation, achieving striking efficiency. Using a first-order model approach, we determine antenna characteristics that defy the previously established limits revealed by existing numerical models. The exceptional efficiency observed can be attributed to the inherent flexibility of design afforded by the morphogenetic approach, allowing for efficient spatial arrangement of generated patterns without the imposition of uniformity constraints. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the specific constraints contributing to this unprecedented efficiency level.