Seismic Data Interpolation via Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models With Coherence-Corrected Resampling

Accurate interpolation of seismic data is crucial for improving the quality of imaging and interpretation. In recent years, deep learning models such as U-Net and generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been widely applied to seismic data interpolation. However, they often underperform when the training and test missing patterns do not match. To alleviate this issue, here we propose a novel framework that is built upon the multimodal adaptable diffusion models. In the training phase, following the common wisdom, we use the denoising diffusion probabilistic model with a cosine noise schedule. This cosine global noise configuration improves the use of seismic data by reducing the involvement of excessive noise stages. In the inference phase, we introduce the denoising diffusion implicit model (DDIM) to reduce the number of sampling steps. Different from the conventional unconditional generation, we incorporate the known trace information into each reverse sampling step for achieving conditional interpolation. To enhance the coherence and continuity between the revealed traces and the missing traces, we further propose two strategies, including successive coherence correction and resampling. Coherence correction penalizes the mismatches in the revealed traces, while resampling conducts cyclic interpolation between adjacent reverse steps. Extensive experiments on synthetic and field seismic data validate our model’s superiority and demonstrate its generalization capability to various missing patterns and different noise levels with just one training session. In addition, uncertainty quantification and ablation studies are also investigated.