Heterogeneous Integration Technologies for Artificial Intelligence Applications

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has been enabled by semiconductor-based electronics. However, the conventional methods of transistor scaling are not enough to meet the exponential demand for computing power driven by AI. This has led to a technological shift toward system-level scaling approaches, such as heterogeneous integration (HI). HI is becoming increasingly implemented in many AI accelerator products due to its potential to enhance overall system performance while also reducing electrical interconnect delays and energy consumption, which are critical for supporting data-intensive AI workloads. In this review, we introduce current and emerging HI technologies and their potential for high-performance systems. We then survey recent industrial and research progress in 3-D HI technologies that enable high bandwidth systems and finally present the emergence of glass core packaging for high-performance AI chip packages.