Integrated Airflow and Temperature Monitoring System for Enhanced Underground Mine Safety

Beneath the surface lies a huge challenge and opportunity, the underground environment of coal mines. This subterranean world, where human endeavor meets the rawness of nature, is a melting pot of industry, technology, and resource extraction. Coal mining is an industry deeply rooted in history, dating back centuries to the earliest human civilizations. It represents an effort to use the Earth’s ancient energy reserves, stored as carbon-rich coal, for heating, industrial processes, and power generation. Mining in the underground environment presents a unique set of challenges and risks that require constant vigilance and innovative safety measures. This article proposes a continuous, seamless monitoring system that transmits the underground mine data to the surface station which requires advanced arrangements to emerge from the impediments of routine hardware, which falls flat to supply real-time knowledge. Next, attention is drawn to a cutting-edge system fitted with an ESP32 microcontroller, temperature, CO, methane, and airflow sensors, and LoRa for data transfer. Thresholds and buzzers have been set for alarming, which alerts workers at the right moment. A novel TinyML-based anomaly detection system that integrates with an Arduino cloud and MQTT broker. By implementing cutting-edge techniques and imposing historical constraints, this revolutionary strategy ultimately increases the safety of under- ground mines where there will be a significant improvement in safety monitoring technology.