Implementation of Dynamic Image for Facial Expression Recognition on Indonesian Facial Expression Dataset

In recent times, there has been considerable attention directed towards Facial Expression Recognition (FER) due to its extensive utility across diverse domains. However, the universality of facial expressions has been challenged by studies suggesting that cultural backgrounds significantly influence the perception and recognition of emotions. This paper addresses the need for culturally specific datasets in FER tasks, particularly in underrepresented regions like Indonesia. The study introduces dynamic images as an alternative input representation for facial expression recognition tasks, aiming to assess their efficacy using the Indonesian Mixed Emotions Dataset (IMED). Through experimentation using EfficientNet model, the performance of dynamic images is compared with static image and video inputs. Results indicate that dynamic images exhibit promising performance, with an accuracy of 94.28%. These results outperform static image datasets and nearly match the performance of video-based models, which achieved an accuracy of 97.93 %, despite using fewer data. Nonetheless, challenges such as data imbalance and the quality of generated dynamic images persist, suggesting avenues for further research and model refinement. This study provides valuable insights into methodological advancements in FER, particularly in limited dataset conditions, laying the groundwork for future developments in dynamic image-based facial expression recognition algorithms.