A Holistic and Personalized Home Energy Management System With Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring

This paper introduces a holistic, multi-objective home energy management system (HEMS) designed to optimize residential electrical and thermal demands. By incorporating dynamic electricity tariffs and integrating solar production with storage units, the system aims to minimize energy costs while ensuring thermal comfort through energy-efficient solutions. Environmental sustainability and the impact on the distribution grid are also considered within the formulated optimization problem. A non-intrusive load monitoring tool is employed to schedule the operation of flexible appliances tailored to user habits, achieving a mean absolute error below 14W and an $\rm {F_{1}}$ score exceeding 0.8 for the most energy-intensive appliances across three public datasets. Analysis of five operating scenarios highlights the impact of each objective on system performance. The proposed HEMS outperforms baseline solutions, substantially reducing operational and environmental costs up to 42% and 27%, respectively. Moreover, it diminishes user discomfort by up to 86% and alleviates stress on the grid by 33%.