A Review of AI Approaches in Combating Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) in Cybersecurity

In the rapidly evolving landscape of cybersecurity, Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) present a formidable challenge to organizations worldwide. These sophisticated, long-term cyberattacks are typically state-sponsored or initiated by highly organized criminal groups, targeting sensitive data and critical infrastructure. This review paper explores the emerging role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in combating APTs, offering a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements and methodologies. We begin by defining APTs and their unique characteristics, emphasizing the necessity for advanced defensive strategies. The core of the paper examines various AI-based approaches, including machine learning algorithms, deep learning frameworks, and AI-driven behavioral analytics, detailing their effectiveness in detecting, analyzing, and mitigating APT incidents. Additionally, we discuss the integration of AI in existing cybersecurity infrastructures, highlighting key challenges such as data privacy concerns, the need for large datasets, and the potential of AI being used by adversaries. Our analysis is supported by case studies and practical examples, demonstrating AI's capability in enhancing threat intelligence, anomaly detection, and predictive analytics. The paper concludes with insights into the future trajectory of AI in cybersecurity, emphasizing the importance of continuous research and collaboration among cybersecurity professionals, AI researchers, and policymakers. This review serves as a crucial resource for understanding the dynamic interplay between AI and APTs, guiding future strategies to fortify cyber defenses in an increasingly digitalized world.