Development of a Comprehensive Equivalent Circuit Model for High-Power Giant Magnetostrictive Electroacoustic Transducers Considering the Effect of Hysteresis

Giant magnetostrictive transducers with superior performance, such as having high energy density and large output force, are the core key devices for underwater acoustic detection. However, under the influence of electric-magnetic-force-acoustic multifield coupling, the high-power giant magnetostrictive electroacoustic transducer exhibits complex nonlinear dynamic hysteresis behavior, making it difficult to effectively reflect its output characteristics. Therefore, in this study, a time-domain electro-magneto-force-acoustic model of the comprehensive equivalent circuit is established, considering the effect of hysteresis, which can accurately reflect the dynamic behavior of the transducer. First, the model employs analytical equations to calculate the bias magnetic field and the AC driving magnetic field, which can effectively analyze the effective magnetic field distribution of the transducer. Second, the magnetic-mechanical strain law of the rod is examined with the proposed improved Preisach model, which is utilized to characterize the magnetization process of the rod and to obtain the output force and velocity of the transducer from the kinetic equations. Additionally, to solve the frequency domain impedance characteristics of the transducer, the transmitting current response (TCR), a multifield coupled equivalent circuit is constructed, and the time-domain acoustic signal. Finally, a prototype high-power transducer has been constructed and tested. The prototype has a resonant frequency of approximately 1 kHz and a maximum TCR of 187.6 dB. The experimental results reveal that the model proposed in this study agrees well with the experiments and can effectively characterize the dynamic characteristics of the transducer.