High Q-Factor in 2D Photonic Crystals Structure with Different Nanocavities Formation

In this paper, 2D photonics crystal (PhCs) structures have been simulated by varying the nanocavities parameters, specifically through shifting the position of air holes to achieve a high quality (Q)-factor. The challenge lies on optimizing the position of these position air holes to minimize the vertical scattering, which negatively impacts the Q-factor. These cavities used mode gap confinement approach in simulation to analyse how variations in the number and position of air holes affect the light confinement by measuring the Q-factor. Through these simulations, we found that by increasing the number of air holes position, will reduce the value of Q-factor due to the vertical scattering and resonance wavelength will be shifted linearly towards the highest region. However, highest value of Q-factor of $2.07\times 10^{5}$ with mode volume value of 0.64 $(\lambda/\mathrm{n})^{3}$ were successfully obtained.