Influence of temperature and initial titanium dimensions of fiber-Ti:LiNbO3waveguide insertion loss at λ = 1.3 µm

This paper describes the influence of fabrication parameters on fiber-Ti:LiNbO
3
waveguide-fiber insertion loss measured at
\lambda = 1.32 \mu
m in
c
-cut LiNbO
3
. We present a systematic study of the influence of titanium thickness on insertion loss. Within the range examined, diffusion of 950 Å thick 6 μm wide strip of Ti at 1050°C for 6 h produced the minimum loss of 2.0 dB in a 2 cm long waveguide for both TE and TM modes. An analysis of fiber-waveguide coupling for the particular case of an asymmetric diffused waveguide is presented. In general, we find that coupling loss due to modal mismatch between the fiber and waveguide and propagation loss in the waveguide contribute approximately equally to total insertion loss.