Cyber Security in the Smart Grid: Challenges and Solutions- A Review

The smart grid has become an essential infrastructure for the modern power grid as new technology and communication networks are integrated, revolutionizing the energy sector. However, the enhanced interconnectivity and complexity of the smart grid have prompted fear regarding its susceptibility to cyber-attacks. This research paper provides a thorough examination of the difficulties encountered by cyber security in the smart grid and investigates inventive strategies to improve these threats. The research paper explores the complex and varied nature of cyber risks in the smart grid, including advanced attacks on essential infrastructure and possible weaknesses in communication protocols. The implementation of digital technologies, such as Smart Meter (SM), Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), and Internet of Things (IoT), aims to enhance the efficiency, dependability, and sustainability of the system. Lastly, it explores potential advancements and upcoming technologies that show potential to improve the security of the smart grid, including blockchain, artificial intelligence, and quantum-resistant cryptography. A comprehensive analysis of the simulation findings for Load Frequency Control (LFC) has been thoroughly examined.