Fast Frequency Response Scheduling Considering Electric Vehicles and Renewable Generation

Renewable Energy Sources (RES) penetration without a proper roadmap presents significant challenges to power system stability, particularly frequency stability, as the overall system inertia diminishes. Addressing the high rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and decrease in nadir frequency requires fast response solutions. Electric Vehicles (EVs), known for their faster response capabilities and immediate power delivery, emerge as a promising solution for providing frequency response during contingency. This study focuses on scheduling the EVs for FFR support through Grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mode along with RES in security constrained unit commitment framework. The proposed model is verified on IEEE 39-bus system with varied levels of RES penetration and EV response. Simulation studies indicate that aggregated EV scheduling can effectively provide FFR during contingencies, leading to a reduction in operating costs and RES curtailment.