A Comprehensive Survey on Bio-Inspired Optimization Routing Algorithms for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

A vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a collection of self-configured wireless mobile nodes that establishes a dynamic network with decentralized administration and becomes essential in establishing an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) for road security. Several routing schemes have been presented for timely and consistent data dissemination among fast-moving vehicles in recent years by considering their intermittent behavior. These routing protocols support drivers in making suitable decisions to enhance road safety. Nevertheless, these protocols still suffer from several limitations such as congestion and routing overheads due to an increase in communication links when subjected to highly dense networks. Therefore, to address these routing issues, numerous Bio-inspired optimization routing algorithms have been presented to exchange infotainment packets among high-speed vehicles in an optimized manner. Thus, in the proposed paper, some of the recent bio-inspired optimization techniques for VANETs are presented. Further, identified are the significant metrics, strengths, and weaknesses of these approaches and related them under different scenarios. In particular, the work highlights the possible future research directions associated with the use of optimization-based routing protocols.