Advancements in Multilevel Inverters for Efficient Harnessing of Renewable Energy: A Comprehensive Review and Application Analysis

The rising demand for electrical energy, coupled with the running down of conventional energy sources, has prompted vast research into renewable energy sources (RES) for power generation. Wind and solar photovoltaic energies are among the most critical resources, despite their susceptibility to fluctuating climatic conditions. Power electronics have been helpful in the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) with grid, and multilevel inverters (MLIs) have arisen as critical components for the effective utilization of energy from RES and the enhancement of power quality. This paper provides an extensive overview of the latest developments in MLI topologies and how they have been applied in different industries. Optimal MLI designs for various applications will be identified by a thorough investigation of performance parameters including component count, total harmonic distortion (THD), and overall efficiency. Additionally, the paper explores the role of MLIs in diverse sectors including RES, microgrids, and residential applications. By synthesizing insights from recent literature and performance evaluations, this review aims to provide valuable guidance for researchers and practitioners in selecting the most suitable MLI topology for specific applications.