In-Situ 3D Printing Monitoring in Dynamic Environments via Self-Supervised Deep Neural Network Adaptation

3D printing technology has rapidly advanced, yet the variability in deployment environments poses significant challenges for monitoring systems, because the dynamic deployment environments such as changes in lighting and monitoring camera status, can severely impact the effectiveness and robustness of monitoring systems. To tackle this problem in monitoring system, this paper introduces a novel approach for deep neural network (DNN) adaptation to the dynamic environments through self-supervised learning and applies it to during in-situ monitoring. Specifically, we introduce a self-supervised learning strategy that leverages the auxiliary reconstruction task during in-situ monitoring, subsequently applying self-supervised fine-tuning to classification tasks with a new imbalanced-aware classification loss. Our methodology was rigorously evaluated using a real-world dataset for 3D printing defect detection. The experimental outcomes affirm the robustness of our approach, showcasing a higher defect detection accuracy rate than baselines. This substantially mitigates the adverse effects associated with printing defects, thereby increasing the reliability and quality of 3D printing processes.