A Variable Linear Coefficient Battery Cost Function Embedded Control for Revenue Maximization of Grid Tied Solar Photovoltaic System

The deviation settlement mechanism (DSM) scheme enforces strict regulations on microgrid operators to comply with generation commitment norms set by grid operators. These norms are essential for maintaining grid stability and minimizing startup costs for thermal power plants. This study develops a control strategy for a grid-connected solar photovoltaic system (SPVS) with battery energy storage (BES). Control ensures affordable power for microgrid consumers and reduces energy costs by generating additional revenue utilizing variable grid tariffs by deploying BES. It offers compliance with DSM policies and IEEE Std. to enhance power quality in presence of nonlinear loads. This research presents a strategy to improve grid current quality amidst distortions in grid voltages or load currents, utilizing a comb filter generalized integrator-based frequency-locked loop (CFGI-FLL). Control compensates for reactive and harmonic load components, ensuring grid currents align with grid frequency during demand transients, and addresses voltage phase angle jumps and frequency fluctuations. This enhances control actuation and rapid power flow coordination based on tariff-based logic. Control integrates a variable linear cost coefficient function (VLCCF) in BES control, enabling tariff-based power coordination that benefits consumers while meeting DSM commitments. Key contributions of this research ensure DSM compliance, generation commitment adherence, battery charge state and charge rate abidance, and adaptive mode selection based on system states, maximizing revenue and benefits for both grid and microgrid operators. These advancements, coupled with rigorous experimental validation, represent main propositions of this research.