Design and Implementation of X Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Antenna

SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) antenna is a type of antenna used in SAR systems, which utilize the principle of radar waves reflecting off surfaces to obtain high-resolution images. These antennas emit radar waves, collect signals reflected from objects, and process these signals to create high-resolution radar images. SAR antennas, typically found on platforms such as satellites, aircraft, or unmanned aerial vehicles, are used in various applications including terrain monitoring, weather forecasting, agriculture, forestry monitoring, environmental monitoring, maritime, and military reconnaissance [1]. The presence of SAR antennas in the X-band is crucial for obtaining high-resolution images. The X-band provides a suitable frequency range for radar waves to reflect smaller details, resulting in more precise images. Therefore, SAR antennas operating in the X-band are preferred for obtaining detailed and high-resolution images. Additionally, the X-band is less affected by weather conditions, which supports obtaining more reliable and accurate results [2]. For these reasons, operating SAR antennas in the X-band provides a significant advantage in radar applications and is commonly preferred in applications such as terrain monitoring, weather forecasting, military reconnaissance, and others.