Attitudes Towards and Conditions to Use V2G Among Electric Vehicle Owners

This study explores the secondary use of battery packs for electric vehicles in a vehicle-to-grid and vehicle-to-home context. The study conducted a literature review of the strengths and weaknesses of vehicle-to-grid and vehicle-to-home systems from the perspectives of different stakeholder groups. Based on the literature review, a survey was conducted in the spring of 2023. The study showed that vehicle-to-grid and vehicle-to-home technologies can provide the grid operator a way to balance the grid and cut peaks and pits caused by demand fluctuation. These technologies also present their own challenges, as an electric vehicle cannot be considered a permanent power source for the electricity grid. From the electric car owner's point of view, there is a monetary benefit from vehicle-to-grid use, as electricity could be sold back to the electricity grid and vehicle-to-home use would provide the average electric car user with electricity self-sufficiency for about two days. However, these benefits are overshadowed by the fear of the decay of the battery, as well as the increased range anxiety caused by the use.