Modeling of Sever in Two-Stage Serpentine Waveguide Traveling Wave Tubes

We develop a model for calculating the small-signal gain of a multi-stage serpentine waveguide traveling wave tube (TWT) with one sever. The presented small-signal model is based on a generalization of the Pierce model, assuming one-dimensional electron flow along a dispersive slow-wave structure (SWS), accounting also for the space-charge effect. We compute the theoretical gain for multi-stage TWT and compare our calculated results with particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The good agreement underscores the effectiveness of our analytical model for the sever in a serpentine waveguide TWT.