Deep Learning-Based LOS and NLOS Parameters Estimation, Tracking, and Identification

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems have large bandwidths and, combined with large-scale antenna arrays and beamforming technology, facilitate higher resolution of angle and delay measurements. This, in turn, provides opportunities for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). Accurate and reliable estimation of mmWave channel state information is crucial for ISAC. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based method for estimating channel multipath parameters, tracking, and identifying line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) paths. Specifically, we leverage a network named “you only look once (YOLO)”, a highly efficient object detection network in computer vision, to detect the angles of arrival (AOAs) and angles of departure (AODs) of multipaths from received radio frequency signals. Moreover, we use a tracking-by-detection algorithm, ByteTrack, to track the variation of each path's AOA and AOD under a mobile scenario. Thanks to these vision-based channel estimation approaches, we reveal that LOS and NLOS paths exhibit different trajectory properties, allowing us to precisely identify LOS and NLOS paths, a challenge originally in the context of ISAC. We validate the proposed estimation, tracking, and identification methods on real measurement data and demonstrate that the proposed estimation method shows better performance compared to existing methods.