Reactive Power Pursuance at Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Using Multi-Constraint Normalized Scaling Algorithm

With growing concerns for the environment, Low Carbon Technologies (LCTs) are getting more emphasis and support from various parties. Without a major upgrade to the current power system, the rapidly increasing numbers of Electric Vehicles (EVs) will eventually present serious stress to the grid. In this work, the aim is to determine the adequate quantity of reactive power which can be supplied at a charging station to provide multiple benefits to the grid and allows the grid to be able to provide more active power without new DG installments. A multi-constraint normalized scaling algorithm is used to determine the optimal reactive power compensation size, the objective function is a mesh of three variables, which are the Total Power Loss (PL), the Average Voltage Deviation Index (AVDI), and the Voltage Stability Index (VSI). The simulation results demonstrated that reactive power injection can indeed alleviate challenging grid conditions, and the optimal size can be determined by the designed objective function. The study is performed on the IEEE 69 bus distribution system, the results in terms of voltage profile at each bus are investigated and validated in three proposed cases, the cases are developed for the three most vulnerable buses of the distribution system.Highlights: (i) Investigated the three most vulnerable buses in the distribution system using voltage sags for each bus, (ii) modeled the normalized scaling of PL, AVDI, and VSI, and (iii) performed an iterative procedure for reactive power investigation using proposed multi-constraint normalized scaling algorithm.