L-Band Antenna with Frequency-Dependent Patterns Using an Optimized Parasitic Pixel Layer

A low-cost L-band patch antenna featuring frequency-dependent radiation patterns is presented. The antenna operates within the 1.20-1.38 GHz frequency range. Through optimization of a parasitic pixel layer, the radiating beams can be precisely controlled to exhibit distinct characteristics within the frequency band. Specifically, the designed antenna has a -30° directive beam, a wide-beam, and a +30° directive beam at 1.24, 1.28, and 1.34 GHz, respectively. This versatility enables selection of different radiation beams to achieve desired coverage ranges. The antenna with diverse radiation patterns holds significant promise for applications in wireless communication devices, observation systems, and satellite technology.