A 2-Bit Phase Reconfigurable Aperture Coupled Pixel Antenna

A novel 2-bit phase reconfigurable pixel antenna is proposed. By implementing multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) optimization, two layers of parasitic pixel surfaces mounted with three switches are optimized to achieve a 90° phase shift. Integrated with another 1-bit aperture coupled patch radiator, the proposed pixel antenna can realize 2-bit phase reconfigurability. From 2.37 to 2.42 GHz, the phase differences of four states remain relatively stable with 2-bit phase distribution and a maximum radiation gain of 7.41 dBi. These results preliminarily verify the potential of utilizing pixel antennas to implement phase reconfiguration for beam steering applications.