Wideband High-Gain and Compact Cavity-Backed Patch Antenna Array for X-Band

A wideband, high-gain and compact cavity-backed patch antenna array is designed and simulated for X-band applications. Initially, results are presented for a single cavity-backed patch antenna. Subsequently, the design is extended to form a 1×4 antenna array. For the single cavity-backed patch antenna, the reflection coefficient remains below -10 dB at 8.29 GHz - 10.78 GHz, with a gain of 7.2 dBi at 9 GHz. The 1 × 4 antenna array exhibits a reflection coefficient below -10 dB at 8.26 GHz - 10.73 GHz, with a similar impedance bandwidth and achieves a peak gain of 12.30 dBi at 8.9 GHz. Beam scanning characteristics of the 1× 4 cavity-backed patch antenna array is also investigated.