Simultaneous Perfect Anomalous Reflection and Angle-of-Arrival Sensing Using Patch Arrays

A novel optimization-based method tailored for the evolution of communication networks is presented, aimed at achieving a perfect power efficiency while accurately determining the angle of arrival of user-generated waves. Our approach involves optimizing aperiodic loaded structures, eliminating the constraints of electromagnetic periodicity while maintaining a fixed half-wavelength spacing. The proposed configuration employs practical square patches, each loaded with passive tunable elements. These load values can be dynamically adjusted, enabling a continuous scanning capability to capture user signals arriving from unknown angles.