Optimal Efficiency Multibeam Network Synthesis for Non-Orthogonal Beams

This work introduces a synthesis method to create networks capable of exciting any set of non-orthogonal beams at the optimal efficiency as dictated by Stein's limit. To achieve that, we mathematically decompose the corresponding excitation matrices of these networks into two orthogonal and one diagonal excitation matrices. Notably, the orthogonal matrices are implemented as standard Nolen matrix mutlibeam networks and the diagonal matrix as a set of attenuators. To verify the validity of our design a 4 beam - 2 ×2 antenna network in Ridge Gap Waveguide (RGW) technology is designed and measured at 30 GHz showing excellent results.